Gen Z Revolution | Nepal

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🇳🇵 Nepal: A Land of Mountains, Faith, and Fierce Humility

Nepal, nestled in the heart of the Himalayas, is a country of breathtaking landscapes and deep cultural heritage. Home to Mount Everest, the world's highest peak, and Lumbini, the birthplace of Lord Buddha, Nepal is a land where natural wonder meets spiritual depth. Known for the legendary Gurkhas, whose courage is summed up in the saying, If a man says he is not afraid of dying, he is either lying or he is a Gurkha, the nation stands proud in its history of bravery and honor. With over 125 ethnic groups and castes, Nepal celebrates unity in diversity, where vibrant cultures, languages, and traditions coexist in harmony. The humility and warmth of its people leave a lasting impression on visitors, making Nepal not just a destination, but a feeling.

A Brief History of Nepal's Political and Governmental Reforms

Ancient to Medieval Period

Nepal's early history includes various small kingdoms and tribal confederations. The Licchavi Dynasty (c. 400-750 AD) was among the earliest centralized ruling entities, known for legal and cultural development. Later, the Malla Period (12th-18th century) saw the rise of city-states like Kathmandu, Patan, and Bhaktapur. Despite artistic achievements, internal conflicts weakened their political structure.

Unification and Shah Dynasty (1768-1846)

In 1768, Prithvi Narayan Shah unified the fractured kingdoms into a single nation—modern Nepal—founding the Shah monarchy. A centralized, Hindu kingdom was established, with the monarchy holding absolute power under a feudal governance model.

Rana Autocracy (1846-1951)

The Rana regime began in 1846 when Jung Bahadur Rana seized power. For over 100 years, hereditary Rana prime ministers ruled with authoritarian control while the monarchy became symbolic. Nepal remained isolated and politically suppressed during this era.

Democratic Movement and Fall of the Ranas (1951)

The revolution of 1951, backed by King Tribhuvan and the Nepali Congress, ended Rana rule and marked Nepal's first attempt at democracy. A transitional government introduced a constitutional monarchy with multiparty democracy.

Panchayat Era (1960-1990)

In 1960, King Mahendra dismissed the elected government and banned political parties, introducing the Panchayat system, a party-less political structure under royal rule. This lasted 30 years until the People's Movement of 1990 restored multiparty democracy and constitutional monarchy under King Birendra.

Maoist Insurgency and Civil War (1996-2006)

The Maoist civil war started in 1996, aiming to abolish the monarchy and implement a communist republic. Over 17,000 people died. The decade-long war destabilized the country and exposed deep flaws in governance and inequality.

Royal Massacre and Abolition of Monarchy (2001-2008)

In 2001, a tragic royal massacre killed King Birendra and the royal family. King Gyanendra's attempt to reinstate direct monarchy failed due to mass protests. In 2008, Nepal was officially declared a federal democratic republic, ending over 240 years of monarchy.

Federal Republic and Modern Challenges (2008-Present)

The Interim Constitution (2007) and the new Constitution of Nepal (2015) established a federal, secular, and democratic republic with seven provinces. While democratic frameworks are in place, Nepal faces ongoing challenges such as:

• Widespread political corruption and weak accountability
• Instability due to frequent changes in government
• Underdeveloped federal implementation
• Censorship and suppression of free speech
• Public dissatisfaction with both traditional and new political forces

Current Government

The current federal government, known as the Fourth Oli Cabinet, has been in power since 15 July 2024. It is led by Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli of the CPN (UML), under the presidency of Ram Chandra Poudel.

This is a majority coalition government composed of:

• Nepali Congress – 11 ministers (10 cabinet + 1 state)
• CPN (UML) – 9 cabinet ministers
• People's Socialist Party – 2 ministers
• Loktantrik Samajwadi Party – 1 minister
• 1 independent minister

Over time, the Janata Samajbadi Party–Nepal (JSP-N) withdrew its support, weakening the coalition in the upper house and complicating the legislative process.

Major Political Parties

Below are Nepal's key political players:

• Nepali Congress (NC) – A center to center-left social democratic party, currently the largest in parliament with 89 seats. Led by Sher Bahadur Deuba.
• CPN (UML) – A major left-wing party with 78 seats, led by former Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli.
• CPN (Maoist Centre) – A Maoist-rooted leftist party with around 32 seats, led by Pushpa Kamal Dahal (Prachanda).
• Rastriya Swatantra Party (RSP) – A new centrist and populist party founded in 2022 by Rabi Lamichhane. It quickly became the fourth-largest party.
• Socialist Front – A left-wing alliance formed in 2023, including CPN (Maoist Centre), CPN (Unified Socialist), People's Socialist Party, and others. Temporarily chaired by Madhav Kumar Nepal.
• Other Parties – Includes Janata Samajbadi Party, Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, and Rastriya Prajatantra Party (RPP), which advocates for a Hindu state and constitutional monarchy.

Political Landscape & Challenges

Nepal's political landscape is characterized by:

• Frequent government changes – over 14 Prime Ministers since 2008.
• Unstable coalitions often formed based on convenience rather than ideology.
• Rotational power-sharing agreements, such as the one between Oli and Deuba until 2027.
• Rising public frustration, especially among youth, due to censorship, corruption, and lack of accountability.

Major Corruption Incidents in Nepal

1. Wide-Body Aircraft Procurement Scam

The Nepal Airlines Corporation (NAC) wide-body aircraft procurement scandal involved the purchase of Airbus A330s, where officials allegedly manipulated capacity specifications and inflated prices. The CIAA estimated a corruption amount of Rs 1.47 billion. Former Tourism Minister Jeevan Bahadur Shahi and several NAC board members were among those named in the investigation.

2. Pokhara International Airport Corruption

A parliamentary subcommittee uncovered massive irregularities—worth Rs 10 to 14 billion—in the construction of Pokhara International Airport. Over-inflated costs, tax exemptions, and manipulated procurement processes were reported. Key figures include officials from the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN), especially Director General Pradeep Adhikari, along with several contractors. It's one of the indirect factor for Yeti Airlines Flight 691 crash on January 15, 2023 killing 72 passengers in the aeroplane.

3. Lalita Niwas Land Grab Scam

This massive land scam involved illegal transfers of government-owned land to private individuals. The CIAA filed cases against over 300 individuals including former Deputy PM Bijay Kumar Gachhadar, former ministers, secretaries, and brokers. The scam is estimated to have caused losses in the range of billions of rupees.

4. Cooperative Fraud Scandal

Various cooperatives across Nepal have defrauded depositors of up to Rs 14 billion. Political figures like Rabi Lamichhane, Dhanraj Gurung, and Gita Basnet were linked to these cases, either as operators, beneficiaries, or political protectors of the cooperatives involved.

5. Melamchi Drinking Water Project Corruption

The Melamchi project—designed to provide drinking water to Kathmandu—was mired in delays and corruption. The total loss is estimated at Rs 6.73 billion. Officials including Dr. Sanjay Sharma, Bhim Prasad Upadhyay, and others were accused of abuse of authority and embezzlement.

6. Image Savings Cooperative Scam

In this high-profile cooperative fraud, Dev Kumar Nepali, a former mayor, was accused of defrauding depositors of Rs 2.25 billion. Despite years of complaints, victims are still awaiting justice.

7. Nepal Oil Corporation Land Scam

Gopal Bahadur Khadka, the then Managing Director of Nepal Oil Corporation, was accused of purchasing land for NOC at inflated prices, resulting in over Rs 1.5 billion in losses to the state. The case remains symbolic of unchecked authority in public enterprises.

8. Limestone Over-Extraction Case

The Department of Mines and Geology was found guilty of allowing over-extraction of limestone by private quarry operators. The total loss in government revenue amounted to Rs 1.24 billion. Officials including Ram Prasad Ghimire and prominent business owners were charged.

9. IT Equipment Procurement Scam

The National Information Technology Centre (NITC) was involved in a procurement scandal where low-quality IT equipment was purchased at high prices. The corruption amount stood at Rs 158.85 million. Officials including Sunil Paudel and several contractors were charged.

10. Patanjali Land Deal Corruption (Former PM Involved)

In June 2025, Nepal's Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority (CIAA) filed charges against former Prime Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal over the illegal transfer of government land to Patanjali Yogpeeth Nepal, an affiliate of Indian yoga guru Baba Ramdev. The land deal exceeded the legal limit and involved alleged abuse of authority.

The CIAA sought a fine of Rs 185.85 million (~USD 1.35 million) from Madhav Nepal and his associates. The deal raised major concerns regarding political favoritism, legal violations, and foreign influence in Nepal's land policy.

Reason for the Protest

This revolution was born out of decades of pain, exploitation, and betrayal. The very people entrusted to lead our nation—corrupt politicians and convicted criminals—sit at the top, shamelessly using their power to benefit only themselves and their families. Development has become a buzzword for laundering money, while the people suffer in silence. The youth are drowning in unemployment, the cost of living keeps rising, and frustration has reached a boiling point. Instead of supporting local production and industries, our leaders import goods for personal gain, profiting off deals that kill local opportunities. Once-thriving factories and businesses are shut down, not because of inefficiency, but because corruption chokes every chance at growth.

And now, in their desperation to silence dissent, they are trying to control and censor social media. It is already proven that platforms like TikTok are being manipulated—videos critical of the government are no longer visible in Nepal. This is not just censorship; it's a direct attack on our freedom of speech. Social media platforms that expose their crimes or give voice to the people are systematically banned or suppressed by these murderers who call themselves a government.

It's been decades since the same three major political parties—Nepali Congress (NC), Communist Party of Nepal (UML), and CPN (Maoist Centre)—have taken turns ruling this country. Yet not a single generation has truly felt heard, seen, or served. Instead of progress, we've witnessed broken promises, growing corruption, and the slow suffocation of our nation's potential. We've had enough. It's time to say goodbye to all of them. We no longer want recycled leaders driven by power and greed—we want a new generation to rise, one that leads with vision, innovation, and integrity. The future of Nepal must be built by the youth—for the people.

The voices of the people are ignored completely. Every suggestion, every plea, must be screamed through protest, and in return, the state responds with bullets. Tens, sometimes hundreds, are murdered—not heard. This is no longer governance; this is oppression. And this is why we rise. And most importantly, they all are unworthy, worthless, incompetent piece of shit.

Our Purpose

This protest is a united movement to fight against all the injustice, corruption, and suppression mentioned above. We demand a government that genuinely listens to its people—where raising our voices doesn't require bloodshed, and feedback is welcomed without hesitation. We want real-time transparency, where every decision and development project can be tracked by the public. Our goal is to establish an accountable and transparent system that prioritizes local products and industries, making Nepal an exporting nation—not one that relies on unnecessary imports for personal profits of the elite.

This movement is also a call to end systemic corruption once and for all, and to drive Nepal forward through technological advancement and innovation. We are fighting for an economy that creates jobs within the country, supports entrepreneurship, and opens doors for youth-led leadership. We believe the future of Nepal lies in the hands of its young minds—not corrupt politicians clinging to outdated systems.

Your Role

Whoever you are—an individual, an organization, a community, or even a nation—if you're reading this, you carry the responsibility not just as a bystander, but as a human being who believes in justice. In the face of such deep-rooted corruption, suppression, and suffering, your silence helps the oppressors. The least you can do is share this message with as many people as possible.

Your role is simple, yet powerful: make the world aware that these scums exist in today's world, and that they still hold power over innocent lives. Spread awareness. Speak out. Demand change. The global community must come together to create national and international pressure to ensure those responsible are held accountable and brought to justice.

Thank You <3

Thank you for taking the time to read through all of this. Your time, your awareness, and your willingness to understand the truth mean more than words can express. By simply reading, sharing, and standing with us, you are already playing a powerful role in this movement for justice and change.

From the bottom of our hearts—thank you for standing by our side. Together, we believe we can make the voices of the unheard echo across the world. This is not just our fight—it's a fight for every human who believes in truth, dignity, and freedom.